The area that is now South Bridge Road was swampy during Raffles' time. The road was one of the earlier roads built in Singapore, having been constructed using convict labour, and has existed since as early as 1833.
A steam tramway ran along South Bridge Road to Keppel Harbour, then known as New Harbour, between 1885-1894. By 1894, the role of trams have been taken over by jinriksha. Trams ran by the Singapore Electric Tramways Company ply South Bridge Road from 1905 to 1927 while trolley buses used South Bridge Road between 1929 until 1962, when motor buses were introduced.
For a road in Chinatown, South Bridge Road is unusual as a Hindu temple, the Sri Mariamman Temple and a mosque, the Jamae Mosque, are located along it. Eu Yan Sang, the Chinese medicine and herb business, was established here in 1910.
South Bridge Road is also known as Chat1 Bark3 Kay1 (Traditional Chinese: 漆墨街; POJ: Chhat-ba̍k Ke) which means "wood painting street" and Goo3chia3 Cui4 Tua33 Bae1chia3 Lor33 (Traditional Chinese: 牛車水大馬車路; POJ: Gû-chhia-chúi Tuā Bé-chhia-lō͘) meaning "big carriage road in Kreta Ayer" in Hokkien, and as Dà Mǎlù 大馬路 (Great Horseway) in Mandarin.