For much of its length, Jalan Permatang Nibong follows the course of a river which changes its name every few kilometers. A tributary of the Prai River, it is known as Sungai Derhaka from its confluence with the Prai. As it passes through Kampung Hutan Nibung, it becomes known as Sungai Hutan Nibong. Then, as it approaches Kubang Semang, the river changes its name again, to Sungai Kubang Semang, and is known as such until it reaches its source somewhere in Kubang Semang.
Jalan Permatang Nibong connects with Jalan Permatang Pauh on its western end. There is a T-junction here with traffic lights. Traffic on this end is quite heavy, even though this is just a two-lane country road.
The middle portion of Jalan Permatang Nibong passes through wider, more spacious terrain. Bukit Mertajam and the high rise buildings of Butterworth are visible in the distance. Along the way is the approach connecting the road to Exit 1503 (Permatang Nibong Interchange) of the Butterworth-Kulim Expressway. At the eastern end of Jalan Permatang Nibong, on the approach to Kubang Semang, there is another T-junction where the road meets Jalan Tanah Liat, near the landmark Masjid Kubang Semang Penanti.