Nakhon Phanom Province จังหวัดนครพนม is a province on the Mekong River valley, in the Northeast Region of Thailand. It covers 5,512 sq km (2,128 sq mi) and has a population of 705,000 people (2012 estimate), putting it in the 39th position in size and 33rd in population.
Nakhon Phanom Province is bordered by Laos to the east, Mukdahan Province to the south, Sakon Nakhon Province to the west, and Bueng Kan Province to the north. It is drained by the Songkhram River, along with other smaller rivers, many of which flow into the Mekong. The provincial capital, Nakhon Phanom Town, is on the banks of the Mekong itself.
The name Nakhon Phanom means "city of mountains". It was given by King Rama I. The inhabitants here are predominantly ethnic Lao, as the area was once part of the Lan Xang Kingdom. The province comprises 12 districts or amphoe, namely Mueang Nakhon Phanom (Nakhon Phanom Town), Pla Pak, Tha Uthen, Ban Phaeng, That Phanom, Tenu Nakhon, Na Kae, Si Songkhram, Na Wa, Phon Sawan, Na Thom, Wang Yang.