City of London

Where London's Ancient Roots Meet Its Cutting-Edge Skyline

Geography: Where Is the City of London?

The City of London, often referred to as the "Square Mile," is a small but immensely significant area at the heart of Greater London.

It is located on the northern bank of the River Thames and is bordered by several other London boroughs. To the west lies the City of Westminster, to the north is the London Borough of Islington, while Tower Hamlets borders it to the east. The southern boundary is defined by the river itself, across which lies the borough of Southwark.

Despite being surrounded by the modern sprawl of Greater London, the City of London maintains a distinct identity, complete with its own local authority—the City of London Corporation—and even its own police force.

History: The Birthplace of London

The City of London is the original London.

It traces its roots back to the Roman settlement of Londinium, founded around AD 47. This ancient walled city was the administrative and commercial hub of Roman Britain.

The name "City of London" came into use after the Norman conquest in the 11th century, distinguishing this historical area from the newer developments that began to grow around it. While the rest of London expanded and modernised, the City retained many of its medieval traditions and privileges.

Over centuries, the City became synonymous with commerce, finance, and governance—eventually evolving into one of the most important financial centres in the world.

Map of the City of London

Size and Population: Small But Powerful

The City of London is remarkably small in area—just over one square mile, hence its popular nickname.

According to the latest figures, fewer than 10,000 people live in the City of London permanently. However, on weekdays, its population swells dramatically as over 500,000 commuters and visitors flood into the area for work, business, and tourism.

This unique dynamic gives the Square Mile an unusual rhythm, bustling during the week and comparatively quiet on weekends.

Wealth and Real Estate: The City's Golden Assets

Among London’s 32 boroughs, the City of London ranks at the very top in terms of economic wealth and property values.

It is home to the headquarters of countless banks, law firms, insurance companies, and trading institutions, including the Bank of England and Lloyd’s of London.

Real estate prices in the City are among the highest in the country, particularly for commercial properties. Office space in skyscrapers such as The Gherkin or The Shard (just across the river) commands premium rates, reflecting the area's status as a global business hub.

Tourist Attractions: Ancient and Modern Side by Side

Though it’s best known for finance and business, the City of London also boasts a wide array of attractions that make it a treasure trove for tourists.

St Paul's Cathedral – A masterpiece of Sir Christopher Wren, this iconic dome dominates the skyline and is a must-see for visitors.
The Museum of London – Offers a fascinating journey through the city's long and complex history.
The Guildhall – A historic seat of London’s government with medieval architecture and Roman ruins beneath.
Leadenhall Market – A beautiful covered market with Victorian charm and Harry Potter film connections.
London Mithraeum – A preserved Roman temple dedicated to the god Mithras, now open to the public beneath Bloomberg’s offices.

Modern Architecture: Skyscrapers That Define the Skyline

The City of London is home to some of the capital’s most distinctive modern skyscrapers.

30 St Mary Axe – Known as The Gherkin, this curvaceous tower is a symbol of modern London.
122 Leadenhall Street – The Cheesegrater, named for its slanted design.
20 Fenchurch Street – The Walkie Talkie, famous for its Sky Garden offering panoramic views.
One Bishopsgate Plaza – A newer addition housing a luxury hotel and residences.

These buildings reflect the City's dual role as both a guardian of history and a pioneer of the future.

Churches and Cathedrals: A City of Bells and Stone

Despite its small size, the City of London is rich in ecclesiastical architecture.

St Paul's Cathedral – As mentioned earlier, this Anglican cathedral is one of the most recognisable buildings in Britain.
St Mary-le-Bow – Famous for its Bow Bells; to be a true Cockney, you must be born within earshot of them.
St Stephen Walbrook – Designed by Wren, this elegant church features a remarkable domed ceiling.
Temple Church – Built by the Knights Templar, located just outside the western boundary in the Temple district.

Many of these churches were rebuilt after the Great Fire of London in 1666, adding to their architectural and historical value.

Museums, Galleries, and Performing Arts

In addition to the Museum of London, the City hosts a variety of cultural venues:

Barbican Centre – A major venue for performing arts, cinema, and exhibitions, and home to the London Symphony Orchestra.
Guildhall Art Gallery – Displays a fine collection of Victorian art and Roman relics beneath it.
Dr Johnson’s House – A charming museum dedicated to Samuel Johnson, who compiled the first English dictionary.

These spaces contribute to the City’s lesser-known but vibrant cultural life.

Major Roads and Historic Streets

Although the Square Mile is compact, it includes several significant roads:

Cannon Street – A vital east-west artery lined with businesses and connecting to a major station.
Fenchurch Street – Known for its historic buildings and proximity to the financial district.
Threadneedle Street – Home to the Bank of England.
Ludgate Hill – A historic approach to St Paul’s Cathedral.
Cheapside – Once one of London’s busiest markets, now a key shopping and office street.

Each road reflects the City's historical evolution and modern identity.

Transport: Underground and Railway Stations

Despite its age, the City is extremely well connected. Major London Underground stations include:

Bank (Central, Northern, Waterloo & City, DLR)
Monument (District, Circle)
St. Paul’s (Central)
Barbican (Circle, Hammersmith & City, Metropolitan)
Moorgate (Northern, Circle, H&C, Metropolitan, National Rail)
Liverpool Street (Central, Circle, H&C, Metropolitan, Elizabeth line, National Rail)
Cannon Street (District, Circle, National Rail)

Underground Lines and Railway Services

Multiple Underground and rail lines serve the City of London:

Underground lines: Central, Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, Metropolitan, Northern, Waterloo & City
Rail services: National Rail (at Liverpool Street, Cannon Street, Moorgate), Elizabeth line (Crossrail)
DLR: Docklands Light Railway (via Bank Station)

This connectivity makes the Square Mile one of the easiest areas of London to access via public transport.

Fun Fact: The City Has Its Own Mayor—But Not the One You Think

One of the most unique features of the City of London is its political structure.

The City is governed by the City of London Corporation, which is separate from the Greater London Authority. It also has its own ceremonial leader: the Lord Mayor of the City of London—not to be confused with the Mayor of London.

The Lord Mayor is elected annually and plays a significant role in promoting the UK’s financial and professional services industries around the world.

Each year, the Lord Mayor’s Show is held to mark the beginning of the new term, featuring a grand parade through the City—a tradition dating back over 800 years.