Matsuyama covers 429 sq km (166 sq mi) and has a population of 517,000 people (2012 estimate). The present city limits dates from 2005, when Matsuyama merged with the city of Hojo and the town of Nakajima.
Matsuyama has the oldest hot spring bath house in Japan, the Dogo Onsen, which has been around for over a thousand years. It was already renowned in AD 596, when it was visited by Shotoku Taishi. The onsen was also mentioned in the Manyoshu chronicle of AD 759. Matsuyama also has eight of the eighty-eight temples of the Shikoku Pilgrimage, the pilgrimage trail associated with the Buddhist monk Kukai in the 8th century.
Today Matsuyama has a diverse economy producing boiler, tractor and confectionery, among others.