Ujjain (Hindi: क्षिप्रा) is a city on the western part of Madhya Pradesh, India. It has a population of 515,000 people (2012 estimate).
As with many of the cities in Madhya Pradesh, Ujjain has a long history stretching back to ancient times. It was also mentioned in the Hindu epic, Mahabharata, as the capital of the Kingdom of Avanti. The city served as the prime meridian for ancient geographers as early as the 4th century BC.
Ujjain is one of the four sites of the Kumbh Mela, the mass Hindu pilgrimages that bring millions of devotees from all over the country. The next Kumbh Mela to be held here will be in 2016. It is centered on the Mahakaleshwar Jyotirlinga, or Mahakel Temple, one of the twelve Jyotirlinga shrines dedicated to the Hindu deity Shiva.