The Anglican Faith: A Visitor's Guide to the Church of England
The Church of England: Official Religion of the United Kingdom
The Anglican faith, also known as the Church of England, is considered the official state religion of the United Kingdom. It is unique in that it is a Christian denomination established by law, and the reigning monarch—currently King Charles III—is its Supreme Governor. This gives the Church of England a formal role in national life, including representation in the House of Lords by bishops.
Anglicanism in Modern London
Although the Church of England is the established church, it’s true that the majority of Londoners do not attend church regularly. However, many still identify culturally or nominally as Anglican. London is a religiously diverse city today, with thriving communities of various faiths. Yet Anglican churches remain prominent landmarks and places of national ceremony and reflection.
A Brief History of the Anglican Faith
The Anglican faith originated in the 16th century during the English Reformation. King Henry VIII famously broke away from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534 when Pope Clement VII refused to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. This led to the establishment of the Church of England, with the monarch as its head.
Though Anglicanism has Protestant roots, it maintains many traditions that echo Roman Catholicism. Over time, it developed its own identity and theological positions, shaped by figures like Thomas Cranmer and the creation of the Book of Common Prayer.
Is Anglicanism Protestant?
Yes, the Anglican faith is generally classified as part of Protestant Christianity. However, it occupies a unique space known as the "middle way" or via media—between Roman Catholicism and more radical forms of Protestantism. It retains many liturgical elements and traditions found in Catholic practice, while affirming key Protestant principles like salvation by faith and the authority of Scripture.
From Catholic Roots: A Splinter or a Reformation?
Anglicanism can be seen as a splinter from the Roman Catholic Church, but it was also a political and theological reformation. It maintained apostolic succession and many traditional practices, yet rejected the Pope’s authority. In this way, it is both a continuation and a divergence from medieval Catholicism.
Key Differences and Similarities: Anglican vs. Roman Catholic
Here are a few differences between Anglicanism and Roman Catholicism:
- The Anglican Church rejects the Pope’s authority; the Roman Catholic Church sees the Pope as infallible in matters of doctrine.
- Anglican clergy may marry; Catholic priests take a vow of celibacy.
- Anglicans use the Book of Common Prayer; Catholics use the Roman Missal.
However, there are also similarities:
- Both recognise the sacraments of Baptism and Eucharist (Holy Communion).
- Both value tradition, liturgy, and the creeds of early Christianity.
- Both celebrate major festivals like Christmas and Easter with similar liturgical forms.
Historical Tensions with Roman Catholics
For centuries, there was considerable animosity and legal restriction against Roman Catholics in England. After the Reformation, Catholic worship was outlawed, and Catholics faced discrimination in public life. These restrictions eased only in the 19th century, with the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829. It was only then that Roman Catholic churches could once again be openly established in London.
Westminster Abbey: Is It a Church or an Abbey?
Westminster Abbey is a working church, though it is historically classified as a “royal peculiar”, meaning it is directly responsible to the monarch rather than a bishop. While "abbey" traditionally refers to a monastery led by an abbot or abbess, Westminster Abbey functioned as such until the Reformation. Today, it operates as a grand Anglican church and the site of coronations, royal weddings, and national memorial services.
St Paul's Cathedral and Other Anglican Churches in London
St Paul's Cathedral is the seat of the Bishop of London and one of the most iconic Anglican churches in the country. Designed by Sir Christopher Wren after the Great Fire of London in 1666, it remains a symbol of national identity and spiritual resilience.
London is divided into Anglican parishes, each typically centred around a parish church. These churches serve as local places of worship and community gathering. Each parish church is led by a priest (also called a vicar or rector). The Bishop of London, one of the senior figures in the Church of England, oversees the Diocese of London and is based at St Paul's Cathedral.
Leadership in the Anglican Church
The Church of England is headed spiritually by the Archbishop of Canterbury, who resides at Lambeth Palace in London. He is considered the symbolic head of the global Anglican Communion, which includes churches in countries like Canada, Australia, Nigeria, and the United States (known there as the Episcopal Church).
A Global Communion
Though rooted in England, the Anglican Church is part of a worldwide communion of over 85 million people. Each national church is autonomous but shares a common heritage. Visitors to London from places like Kenya, the Philippines, or New Zealand may find familiarity in the liturgy and structure of services at Anglican churches here.
Fun Fact: Anglicanism's Royal Connection
Every English monarch since the 16th century has been crowned at Westminster Abbey—an Anglican church—using a Christian ceremony that includes anointing with holy oil. Even today, royal weddings and funerals often take place in historic Anglican settings, offering tourists a glimpse into centuries of tradition.
Why Visit Anglican Sites in London?
Anglican landmarks like Westminster Abbey and St Paul's Cathedral offer much more than religious services. They are cultural, historical, and architectural treasures. Visitors may:
- Attend Evensong services with choral music
- Explore royal tombs and memorials
- Climb domes and towers for panoramic views
- Learn about British history through guided tours
Whether you’re a person of faith, a history enthusiast, or simply a curious traveler, these Anglican sites are integral to understanding London’s identity.
Quick Facts: The Anglican Faith in London
- Official Religion: Yes – the Church of England is the established church of the UK.
- Founded: 1534 by King Henry VIII during the English Reformation.
- Religious Identity: Most Londoners don’t attend church weekly, but many still identify as Anglican.
- Classification: Protestant Christianity, with some Catholic traditions retained.
- Main London Landmarks: Westminster Abbey, St Paul's Cathedral.
- Leadership: Archbishop of Canterbury (based at Lambeth Palace); Bishop of London (based at St Paul's Cathedral).
- Global Reach: Over 85 million adherents in the Anglican Communion worldwide.
- Historic Restrictions: Roman Catholics faced legal discrimination until 1829.
- Fun Fact: Every English monarch has been crowned in an Anglican ceremony at Westminster Abbey.
Painting of The Anglican Faith: A Visitor's Guide to the Church of England (View image in full size)