Atyrau (Kazakh: Атырау, Russian: Атырау) is a port city in Kazakhstan. It is at the mouth of the Ural River, on the northern coast of the Caspian Sea. It was known as Гурьев (Guryev) until 1991. It is a transcontinental city, as the Ural River divides the city between its Asian and European sectors. The city presently has a population of 154,000 people (2012 estimate).
Atyrau began as a fort on the Yaik River in 1645. The fort was demolished in 1810. Located 20 ft below sea level in a region called the Caspian Depression, Atyrau is today the center of the regional petroleum industry, with oil fields in the surrounding areas and pipelines connecting it with Samara in Russia.
You can reach Atyrau by flight from Astana. There are train services connecting it with many cities in Kazakhstan but not with Astana. There are also international flights from Amsterdam, Istanbul and Moscow.