Penang Hokkien Phonetic Table

Penang Hokkien Phonetic Table provides you audio-on-demand on the basic sounds in the language, based on IPA symbols. Each set is articulated in the four tones: 1, 2, 3 and 4. Tone 33 is the same as tone 3, and is therefore not articulated separately.

a
e
ɛ
i
o
ɔ
u

a
e
ɛ
i
o
ɔ
u

initials

b+IPA
ba
be
bɛ
bi
bo
bɔ
bu

g+IPA
ga
ge
gɛ
gi
go
gɔ
gu

h+IPA
ha
he
hɛ
hi
ho
hɔ
hu

k+IPA
ka
ke
kɛ
ki
ko
kɔ
ku

l+IPA
la
le
lɛ
li
lo
lɔ
lu

m+IPA
ma
me
mɛ
mi
mo
mɔ
mu

n+IPA
na
ne
nɛ
ni
no
nɔ
nu

p+IPA
pa
pe
pɛ
pi
po
pɔ
pu

s+IPA
sa
se
sɛ
si
so
sɔ
su

t+IPA
ta
te
tɛ
ti
to
tɔ
tu

dz+IPA (j-)
dza
dze
dzɛ
dzi
dzo
dzɔ
dzu

ts+IPA (c-)
tsa
tse
tsɛ
tsi
tso
tsɔ
tsu

ts^h+IPA (ch-)
ts^ha
ts^he
ts^hɛ
ts^hi
ts^ho
ts^hɔ
ts^hu

k^h+IPA (kh-)
k^ha
k^he
k^hɛ
k^hi
k^ho
k^hɔ
k^hu

p^h+IPA (ph-)
p^ha
p^he
p^hɛ
p^hi
p^ho
p^hɔ
p^hu

IPA+ʔ (-k)
aʔ
eʔ
ɛʔ
iʔ
oʔ
ɔʔ
uʔ

IPA+k (-k)*
ak
ek
ɛk
ik
ok
ɔk
uk

IPA+s
as
es
ɛs
is
os
ɔs
us

IPA+t
at
et
ɛt
it
ot
ɔt
ut

m
ã
ɛ̃
ĩ

p+nasal+IPA
pã
pɛ̃
pĩ

ĩ+IPA
ĩa
ĩɛ

IPA+ŋ
aŋ
eŋ

iŋ

ɔŋ

ŋ+IPA
ŋa
ŋe
ŋɛ
ŋi

ŋɔ
ŋu

* The final letter "-k" is used to spell the glottal stop (ʔ) and the velar stop (k). In syllables where ambiguity may arise, the velar stop is spelled with -rk or other letters. In this writing system, "-h" is used as the pseudo-fricative, never as a glottal stop.

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