 History of the Kalinga Kingdom and Chola Dynasty
Why are south Indians known as Keling to the Malays and Kalinga to the Hokkiens in Penang? The following chronology traces the glorious history of Indians and their influence over regional history.
- 2nd Century BC-10th century AD: Kharavelan Empire of the Kalinga spread to encompass much of eastern India. Kalinga established mighty maritime empire. Trade routes established with Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia, Borneo, Bali, Sumatra, Java, Maldives and the Malay Archipelago.
- 300 BC - 13th century AD: Overlapping with the Kalinga kingdom is the Chola dynasty, which ruled from 300 BC to the 13th century AD.
- AD 110: Hindu-Buddhist kingdom established in the Bujang Valley.
- 9th-13th century AD: It established Hinduism in the Malay archipelago (ie. Candi Batu Pahat, Borobudur) and Angkor in Cambodia.
- Present-day: The term "Kalinga" (also Keling and Kling) to mean southern Indians. Another term for the south Indians are the Chulias from the Chola Dynasty. Indians in general are known as the Kalinga people, (Orang Keling) in memory of their association with one of the mightiest Indian empires. They are alternatively called the Chulias, as in Chulia Street.
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